Introduction
Access control systems are pivotal in safeguarding people, property, and data. These systems restrict entry to authorized individuals, thus playing a critical role in enhancing security. From simple mechanical locks to sophisticated biometric systems, access control technologies have evolved to meet diverse security needs.

Introduction to Modern Access Control
Security threats are no longer limited to physical break-ins or stolen keys. Organizations now face a mix of physical intrusion, insider risk, credential theft, and cyber-enabled attacks that blur the line between IT and facility security.